Wiki source code of Lecture 4

Last modified by Hal Eden on 2010/09/08 10:07
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  1: [[[[image:http://wwwimages.adobe.com/www.adobe.com/ubi/template/identity/adobe/screen/icon/pdf.gif||alt="pdf file"]]pdf version>>attach:L4-Clever-sept8.pdf]]
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  5: (((
  6: (% style="color:#0000ff;" %)[[image:output_html_5492bed5.gif||border="0" height="202" name="graphics1" width="323"]]
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 10: 
 11: (% align="RIGHT" class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in" %)
 12: (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**Wisdom is not the product of schooling**
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 14: (% align="RIGHT" class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in" %)
 15: (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**but the lifelong attempt to acquire it.**
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 17: (% align="RIGHT" class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in" %)
 18: (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**- Albert Einstein**
 19: )))
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 22: (% align="CENTER" class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; background: #e5e5e5; border: 1.00pt solid #000000; padding: 0in; font-weight: normal" %)
 23: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 26pt" %)**CLever: Cognitive Levers
 24: **(% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)**—**
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 26: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; background: #e5e5e5; border: 1.00pt solid #000000; padding: 0in; page-break-after: avoid" %)
 27: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)Anatomy is Not Destiny: Creating Eyeglasses for the Mind
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 31: (% align="CENTER" class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in" %)
 32: (% style="font-size:1.2em;" %)**Gerhard Fischer, Hal Eden, and Holger Dick**
 33: 
 34: (% align="CENTER" class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in" %)
 35: (% style="font-size:1.2em;" %)**Fall Semester 2010**
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 37: (% align="CENTER" class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; font-weight: normal" %)
 38: (% style="color:#0000ff;" %)__[[(% style="font-size:1.2em;" %)**gerhard@colorado.edu**>>mailto:Gerhard@colorado.edu||class="western"]](%%)__(% style="font-size:1.2em;" %)**; **(% style="color:#0000ff;" %)__[[(% style="font-size:1.2em;" %)**haleden@colorado.edu**>>mailto:haleden@colorado.edu||class="western"]](%%)__(% style="font-size:1.2em;" %)**; **(% style="color:#0000ff;" %)__[[(% style="font-size:1.0em;" %)**holger.dick@gmail.com**>>mailto:holger.dick@gmail.com||class="western"]](%%)__(% style="font-size:1.0em;" %)**; **(% style="font-size:1.2em;" %)** **
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 40: (% align="CENTER" class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in" %)
 41: (% style="font-size:1.2em;" %)**September 8, 2010**
 42: 
 43: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-bottom: 0.08in; page-break-before: always" %)
 44: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)Basic Message and Fundamental Opportunity
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 46: (% align="CENTER" class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; font-weight: normal" %)
 47: (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)create new challenge for Information and Communication Technologies and
 48: Human-Centered Computing
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 50: (% align="CENTER" class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; font-weight: normal" %)
 51: [[image:output_html_m693f30b8.png||border="0" height="412" name="graphics2" width="709"]]
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 53: (% align="CENTER" class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; font-weight: normal" %)
 54: (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)create new support and opportunities for
 55:  people with cognitive disabilities
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 57: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; page-break-before: always" %)
 58: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)Why Anatomy does not have to be Destiny?
 59: 
 60: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)Postman, N. (1985) Amusing Ourselves to Death—Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business, Penguin Books, New York, p 14)
 61: 
 62: (% style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0in; font-weight: normal" %)
 63: “(% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)//The invention of eyeglasses in the twelfth century not only made it possible to improve defective vision but suggested the idea that human beings need not accept as final either the endowments of nature nor the ravages of time.//
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 65: (% style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0in; font-weight: normal" %)
 66: (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)//Eyeglasses refuted the belief that anatomy is destiny by putting forward the idea that our minds as well as our bodies are improvable!”//
 67: 
 68: 
 69: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)Engelbart, D. & Hooper, K. (1988) "The Augmentation System Framework." In S. Ambron & K. Hooper (Eds.), Interactive Multimedia, Microsoft Press, Redmond, WA, pp. 15-31., p 19)
 70: 
 71: (% style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0in; font-weight: normal" %)
 72: “(% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)//the components of an augmentation system are the bundle of all things that can be added to what a human is genetically endowed with, the purpose of which is to augment these basic human capabilities in order to solve the problems of human society”//
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 74: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; page-break-before: always" %)
 75: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)Distributed Intelligence (or Distributed Cognition)
 76: 
 77: 
 78: 
 79: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**claim//~://** distributed intelligence
 80: 
 81: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)**combines** “knowledge in the head” with “knowledge in the world”
 82: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)provides an effective **theoretical framework** for technology for improving cognitive function
 83: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)provides guidelines how artifacts, tools, and **socio-technical environments** can change tasks and empower human beings
 84: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)**transcends** the traditional view that human cognition exists solely ‘inside’ a person’s head
 85: 
 86: 
 87: 
 88: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**forms of distribution**:
 89: 
 90: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)**human?? human:** across groups, teams, social networks, communities
 91: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)**human ?? artifacts: **between //**internal **//(memory, attention, executive function) and //**external**// (artifacts, tools) structures and resources
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 93: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; page-break-before: always" %)
 94: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)Technologies for Improving Cognitive Function
 95: 
 96: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**technologies for improving cognitive function**
 97: 
 98: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)are not restricted to people with cognitive disabilities
 99: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)are the fundamental achievement of humankind to create the world in which we live today
100: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)technologies in this context are very broadly defined including **“mind tools” **for performing cognitive work (e.g.: musical notation, Arabic instead of Roman numerals,.........)
101: 
102: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**all human beings have cognitive limitations** (limits of short-term memory (% style="font-family:Wingdings;" %)?(%%) reading and writing)
103: 
104: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)working with people with cognitive disabilities provides **unique** **challenges and unique opportunities** to further advance our understanding of human-centered computing
105: 
106: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; page-break-before: always" %)
107: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)The Unaided, Individual Human Mind
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109: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in" %)
110: (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)<<the weight stands for task difficulty>>
111: 
112: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)individuals **without** cognitive disabilities:
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114: (% align="CENTER" class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; font-weight: normal" %)
115: [[image:output_html_4bc48da.gif||border="0" height="135" name="graphics3" width="573"]]
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117: 
118: 
119: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)individuals with cognitive disabilities:
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121: (% align="CENTER" class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; font-weight: normal" %)
122: [[image:output_html_m4777271.gif||border="0" height="124" name="graphics4" width="568"]]
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124: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; page-break-before: always" %)
125: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)Support with Cognitive Tools for Individuals
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127: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)the same task are not challenging enough anymore
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129: (% align="CENTER" class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; font-weight: normal" %)
130: [[image:output_html_m31d78863.gif||border="0" height="150" name="graphics5" width="699"]]
131: 
132: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)more challenging tasks can be attempted
133: 
134: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-right: 0in; font-weight: normal" %)
135: [[image:output_html_538d0009.gif||border="0" height="162" name="graphics6" width="701"]]
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137: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; page-break-before: always" %)
138: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)Support Groups with Cognitive Tools
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142: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in" %)
143: [[image:output_html_3dafe6a8.gif||border="0" height="266" name="graphics7" width="786"]]
144: 
145: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; page-break-before: always" %)
146: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)Matching Humans and Tools
147: 
148: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**mismatch between needs and support tools**
149: 
150: (% align="CENTER" class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; font-weight: normal" %)
151: [[image:output_html_ma8e6772.gif||border="0" height="130" name="graphics8" width="437"]]
152: 
153: 
154: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**creating a match **(% style="font-family:Wingdings;" %)**?**(%%)** finding the “right” tool (with personalization and adaptation mechanism)**
155: 
156: (% align="CENTER" class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; font-weight: normal" %)
157: [[image:output_html_694847f6.gif||border="0" height="185" name="graphics9" width="585"]]
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159: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; page-break-before: always" %)
160: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)Tools for Living and Tools for Learning
161: 
162: 
163: * (% style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif;" %)**tools for living (doing tasks with tools):**
164: 
165: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)grounded in a distributed intelligence perspective
166: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)intelligence is mediated by tools for achieving activities that would be error prone, challenging, or impossible to achieve (e.g., microscope, telescope, ...)
167: 
168: 
169: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**tools for learning (scaffolding with fading):**
170: 
171: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)//objective//: autonomous performance by people without tools
172: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)//examples//: training wheels, wizards, external scripts, templates, prompting systems
173: 
174: 
175: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**the fundamental question:** what does it mean to (% style="color:#0000ff;" %)**“learn”**(%%)** in the 21st century** in which powerful tools are available for many intellectual activities?
176: 
177: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; page-break-before: always" %)
178: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)A Tool for Learning —Training Wheels
179: 
180: (% align="CENTER" class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; font-weight: normal" %)
181: [[image:output_html_m73634e57.png||border="0" height="413" name="graphics10" width="345"]]
182: 
183: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; page-break-before: always" %)
184: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)A Tool for Living — Adult Tricycle
185: 
186: (% align="CENTER" class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; font-weight: normal" %)
187: [[image:output_html_388c9c0a.png||border="0" height="362" name="graphics11" width="510"]]
188: 
189: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; page-break-before: always" %)
190: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)Overview of Tools for Living and Tools for Learning
191: 
192: 
193: (% border="1" bordercolor="#000080" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="779" %)
194: (% valign="TOP" %)|(% bgcolor="#000080" width="212" %)|(% bgcolor="#000080" width="249" %)(% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**Tools for Living**|(% bgcolor="#000080" width="279" %)(% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**Tools for Learning**
195: (% valign="TOP" %)|(% width="212" %)(% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)Definition|(% width="249" %)(% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)do task with tools|(% width="279" %)(% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)do tasks without tools
196: (% valign="TOP" %)|(% width="212" %)(% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)Examples|(% width="249" %)(% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)eye glasses, phone, radar, cockpits, scuba diving gear|(% width="279" %)(% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)spelling correctors, hand-held calculators, tricycles, wizards for computing,
197: (% valign="TOP" %)|(% width="212" %)(% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)people with disabilities|(% width="249" %)(% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)spelling correctors, hand-held calculators, tricycles, wizards|(% width="279" %)(% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)learning Braille, learning how to use prompts, learning a bus route
198: (% valign="TOP" %)|(% width="212" %)(% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)prompting systems (MAPS)|(% width="249" %)(% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)for people with memory problems (disabilities, elderly)|(% width="279" %)(% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)for people without memory problems (but: people use calendars on paper, reminding systems)
199: (% valign="TOP" %)|(% width="212" %)(% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)distributed intelligence perspective|(% width="249" %)(% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)resource rich (professional life)|(% width="279" %)(% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)become independent of external resources (school)
200: 
201: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; page-break-before: always" %)
202: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)Independence
203: 
204: 
205: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)tools for living ? people will be **dependent** on the tool
206: 
207: 
208: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)**but:** the availability of the tool may give people the **independence** to engage in personally relevant activities (e.g., reading, mobility, living by themselves, .......)
209: 
210: 
211: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)**question**: will **dependence** in one dimension increase **independence** in another dimension?
212: 
213: 
214: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)**opportunity**: while some people might have no problems to learn to perform the tasks without tools (e.g., spelling), they use tools for doing these “low level tasks” and can therefore focus on the more interesting tasks
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216: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; page-break-before: always" %)
217: (% style="color:#0000ff;" %)__C__(%%)ognitive (% style="color:#0000ff;" %)__Levers__(%%) ((% style="color:#0000ff;" %)CLever(%%))
218: 
219: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; page-break-after: avoid" %)
220: (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)A Research Project of the Center for LifeLong Learning and Design
221: 
222: 
223: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)supported by the **Coleman Institute **(begin: August 2000)
224: 
225: 
226: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**Coleman Institute at the University of Colorado**
227: 
228: * 
229: ** (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)funded by a **generous endowment** from Bill and Claudia Coleman for research on //Cognitive Disabilities//
230: ** (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)supports research across many different disciplines
231: ** (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)director: David Braddock
232: ** (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)more information: (% style="color:#0000ff;" %)__[[(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)http:~~/~~/www.colemaninstitute.org/>>http://www.colemaninstitute.org/||class="western"]](%%)__
233: 
234: 
235: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**objectives of CLever:**
236: 
237: * 
238: ** “(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)helping people help themselves”
239: ** “(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)give people a voice that do not have one”
240: ** (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)supporting clients by empowering caregivers
241: ** (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)more information: (% style="color:#0000ff;" %)__[[(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)http:~~/~~/l3d.cs.colorado.edu/clever/>>http://l3d.cs.colorado.edu/clever/||class="western"]](%%)__
242: 
243: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; page-break-before: always" %)
244: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)Identity of CLever within the 
245: Cognitive Disabilities Research Community
246: 
247: 
248: 
249: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)next generation of **socio-technical environments**
250: 
251: 
252: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)understanding and honoring the **tradition** (% style="color:#0000ff;" %)(“how things are”)
253: 
254: 
255: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**transcending** current practices and processes (% style="color:#0000ff;" %)(“how things could be”)
256: 
257: 
258: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**transdisciplinary** collaboration and education between research communities in cognitive disability and information and communication technologies (% style="font-family:Wingdings;" %)?(%%) (% style="color:#0000ff;" %)“Computers and X”
259: 
260: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-bottom: 0.11in; page-break-before: always" %)
261: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)The Story Shown in the Video
262: 
263: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**specific**:
264: 
265: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)**scenario**: a woman with cognitive disabilities (memory problems, no capacity for planning and remembering) and her mother
266: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)**focus**: human-centered public transportation systems
267: 
268: 
269: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**general**: the scenario shows socio-technical environments to help people with cognitive disabilities — applicable also for:
270: 
271: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)elderly people (e.g., with Alzheimer)
272: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)out-of-town visitors and foreigners
273: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)everyone
274: 
275: 
276: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**empirical study to understand “how things are”:** many people have difficulties to use current public transportation systems including
277: 
278: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)maps
279: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)schedules
280: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)labels and signs
281: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)landmarks
282: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)time
283: 
284: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-bottom: 0.08in; page-break-before: always" %)
285: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)MAPS, Mobility-for-All, and Lifeline
286: 
287: (% align="CENTER" class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; font-weight: normal" %)
288: [[image:output_html_2592b302.png||border="0" height="532" name="graphics12" width="415"]]
289: 
290: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-bottom: 0.08in; page-break-before: always" %)
291: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)The MAPS Script Editor: Design for Designers
292: 
293: (% align="CENTER" class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; font-weight: normal" %)
294: [[image:output_html_m3ac5789.png||border="0" height="526" name="graphics13" width="611"]]
295: 
296: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; page-break-before: always" %)
297: (% style="font-size:1.4em;font-size: 20pt" %)Remote Support Environments: Lifeline Caregiver Console
298: 
299: (% align="CENTER" class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; font-weight: normal" %)
300: [[image:output_html_34101ff1.png||border="0" height="517" name="graphics14" width="741"]]
301: 
302: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; page-break-before: always" %)
303: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)Remote Support Environments: Lifeline (% style="color:#0000ff;" %)Client(%%) Console
304: 
305: (% align="CENTER" class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; font-weight: normal" %)
306: [[image:output_html_m479909d6.png||border="0" height="497" name="graphics15" width="681"]]
307: 
308: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; page-break-before: always" %)
309: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)Assessment
310: 
311: 
312: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**medical model **(focus on the disability)** **(% style="font-family:Wingdings;" %)**?**(%%)** social model** (empowerment, independence, socialization)
313: 
314: 
315: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)the analogy with eyeglasses — (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)a **simple** problem:
316: 
317: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)they represent technologies that can be "fitted" in a lab setting
318: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)if done properly, can be used in the world with little need for social support
319: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)**refinements**:
320: 
321: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)contact lenses
322: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)Lasik surgery
323: 
324: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; page-break-before: always" %)
325: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)Assessment
326: 
327: 
328: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**21^^st^^ century skills:** what do human need to learn to successfully take advantage of tools and external resources (e.g., pervasive computing, always-on Internet access, reliable service networks, and sufficient level of technological fluency)?
329: 
330: 
331: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)danger of a decrease in the power of the aided, collective human mind
332: 
333: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)**information overload**: continuous partial attention and the attention economy
334: * “(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)**always on”** implies ? constantly being accessible makes someone inaccessible
335: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)**over-reliance** on tools for living
336: 
337: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; page-break-before: always" %)
338: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)Over-Reliance on Tools for Living
339: 
340: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.01in; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal" %)
341: [[image:output_html_11d9df9.png||border="0" height="519" name="graphics16" width="724"]]
342: 
343: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; page-break-before: always" %)
344: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)Over-Reliance on Tools for Living
345: 
346: (% class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.03in; margin-bottom: 0.03in" %)
347: [[image:output_html_m6a881c7a.png||border="0" height="476" name="graphics17" width="760"]]
348: 
349: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; page-break-before: always" %)
350: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)Low-Tech Reminding and Prompting Techniques
351: 
352: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in" %)
353: [[image:output_html_5e41178f.png||border="0" height="479" name="graphics18" width="564"]]
354: 
355: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; page-break-before: always" %)
356: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)Creating (% style="color:#0000ff;" %)“Windows into the Mind”(%%) with Engaging Activities
357: —
358: (% style="color:#800080;" %)Example: Google/SketchUp and Autism
359: 
360: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; font-weight: normal" %)
361: (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)more info: (% style="color:#0000ff;" %)__[[http:~~/~~/sketchup.google.com/spectrum.html>>http://sketchup.google.com/spectrum.html||class="western"]]__
362: 
363: 
364: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**SketchUp:** useful and usable tool with a low threshold and a high ceiling for 3-D representations
365: 
366: 
367: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**accidental observation:** children with **Autism spectrum disorders** were using SketchUp to produce remarkable work
368: 
369: 
370: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**question:** (% style="color:#0000ff;" %)**why and how?**
371: 
372: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; page-break-before: always" %)
373: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 22pt" %)Example-1 (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)(from high school student with Asperger’s Syndrome)
374: 
375: (% align="CENTER" class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; font-weight: normal" %)
376: (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)Student was given drawing to the left and asked (% style="color:#0000ff;" %)**to reproduce it using SketchUp (result on the right)**
377: 
378: 
379: 
380: (% border="1" bordercolor="#000000" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="772" %)
381: (% valign="TOP" %)|(% width="376" %)(% class="xwiki-document" %)
382: (((
383: [[image:output_html_7bf0e3fe.png||border="0" height="278" name="graphics19" width="370"]]
384: )))|(% width="370" %)(% class="xwiki-document" %)
385: (((
386: [[image:output_html_516bfb6b.gif||border="0" height="276" name="graphics20" width="396"]]
387: )))
388: 
389: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; page-break-before: always" %)
390: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 22pt" %)Example-2 (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)((% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)from same student)
391: 
392: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in" %)
393: (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**a home complete with pool and inside features**
394: 
395: (% border="1" bordercolor="#000000" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="552" %)
396: (% valign="TOP" %)|(% width="247" %)(% class="xwiki-document" %)
397: (((
398: [[image:output_html_4bab9efb.png||border="0" height="208" name="graphics21" width="278"]]
399: )))|(% width="279" %)(% class="xwiki-document" %)
400: (((
401: [[image:output_html_6d19cc86.png||border="0" height="210" name="graphics22" width="274"]]
402: )))
403: (% valign="TOP" %)|(% width="247" %)(% class="xwiki-document" %)
404: (((
405: [[image:output_html_m74844a8f.png||border="0" height="183" name="graphics23" width="274"]]
406: )))|(% width="279" %)(% class="xwiki-document" %)
407: (((
408: [[image:output_html_m38597f3d.png||border="0" height="189" name="graphics24" width="250"]]
409: )))
410: 
411: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; page-break-before: always" %)
412: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)Example-3 (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)(different high school students profoundly affected by his Autism: non-verbal, socially isolated)
413: 
414: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; font-weight: normal" %)
415: (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)unlikely that he will be able to use SketchUp in a vocational manner (% style="font-family:Wingdings;" %)?(%%) but it offers him one of very few recreational opportunities
416: 
417: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in" %)
418: (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**Mountains and Concentric Circles**
419: 
420: 
421: (% style="margin-right: 0in; font-weight: normal" %)
422: [[image:output_html_m4d2b79b0.png||border="0" height="182" name="graphics25" width="253"]] [[image:output_html_m2b8ecfff.png||border="0" height="177" name="graphics26" width="228"]] [[image:output_html_4db9dd30.png||border="0" height="217" name="graphics27" width="255"]]
423: 
424: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; page-break-before: always" %)
425: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)Explore New Research Methodologies
426: 
427: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)exploit the **dual use strategy** (or “space program effect”)
428: 
429: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)humans with special needs and with different cognitive abilities can help to understand the thinking of humans in general
430: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)National Research Council Study: “scientific understanding of the aging population and technological support”
431: 
432: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**beyond the laboratory** (% style="font-family:Wingdings;" %)?(%%) emphasize the social dimensions of technology approaches, and //contrast// it with technology explored only in a laboratory context
433: 
434: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**claim: ethnographic methods** are a natural approach to designing assistive technologies, because the human and social aspects are crucial
435: 
436: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**global objective of CLever:** engage in** **(% style="color:#800080;" %)**basic research on real problems**
437: 
438: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; page-break-before: always" %)
439: (% style="font-size:1.4em;font-size: 20pt" %)Ryan Patterson — A L3D Undergraduate Research Apprentice
440: 
441: (% style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; font-weight: normal" %)
442: [[image:output_html_m5cec36e9.jpg||border="0" height="524" name="graphics28" width="784"]]
443: 
444: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; page-break-before: always" %)
445: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)Conclusions: Returning to the Basic Message
446: —
447: 
448: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in" %)
449: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)Technology for Improving Cognitive Functions
450: 
451: 
452: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)will provide people with cognitive disabilities with **new opportunities and a different quality of life**
453: 
454: 
455: 
456: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)will address **major social and economical challenges** (e.g., aging populations, traumatic brain injury)
457: 
458: 
459: 
460: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)has the potential to make **fundamental contributions and identify fundamental research issues** in the world of the 21st century by (% style="color:#0000ff;" %)**“creating eyeglasses for the mind”!**
461: 
462: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; page-break-before: always" %)
463: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)Further Information
464: 
465: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;" %)Weir, S. (1987) //Cultivating Minds,// Harper and Row, New York.
466: 
467: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;" %)Postman, N. (1985) //Amusing Ourselves to Death—Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business,// Penguin Books, New York.
468: 
469: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;" %)Salomon, G. (Ed.) (1993) //Distributed Cognitions: Psychological and Educational Considerations, //Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
470: 
471: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;" %)National-Research-Council (2004) //Technology for Adaptive Aging,// National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
472: 
473: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;" %)Pollack, M. E. (2005) "Intelligent Technology for an Aging Population: The Use of AI to Assist Elders with Cognitive Impairment," //AI Magazine,// 26(2), pp. 9-24.
474: 
475: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;" %)ACM CHI 2006 Workshop on Designing Technology for People with Cognitive Impairments (% style="color:#0000ff;" %)__[[(% style="font-size:1.2em;" %)http:~~/~~/www.cs.ubc.ca/~~~~joanna/CHI2006Workshop_CognitiveTechnologies/>>http://www.cs.ubc.ca/~~joanna/CHI2006Workshop_CognitiveTechnologies/||class="western"]](%%)__
476: 
477: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; page-break-before: always" %)
478: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)Further Information — L3D
479: 
480: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;" %)Carmien, S., Dawe, M., Fischer, G., Gorman, A., Kintsch, A., & Sullivan, J. F. (2005) "Socio-Technical Environments Supporting People with Cognitive Disabilities Using Public Transportation," //Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction (ToCHI),// 12(2), pp. 233-262.
481: 
482: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;" %)Fischer, G. (2006) "Distributed Intelligence: Extending the Power of the Unaided, Individual Human Mind." In //Proceedings of Advanced Visual Interfaces (AVI) Conference, Venice, May, 2006//, pp. 7-14.
483: 
484: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;" %)dePaula, R. (2004) //The Construction of Usefulness: How Users and Context Create Meaning with a Social Networking System//, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Colorado at Boulder.
485: 
486: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;" %)Carmien, S. (2006) //Moving the Fulcrum: Socio-Technical Environments Supporting Distributed Cognition for Persons with Cognitive Disabilities//, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Colorado, Boulder
487: 
488: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;" %)Dawe, M. (2006) "Desperately Seeking Simplicity: How Young Adults with Cognitive Disabilities and Their Families Adopt Assistive Technologies." In //Proceedings of CHI 2006: ACM Conference on Human Fa//ctors in Computing Systems, ACM Press, New York, NY, USA, pp. 1143-1152.
489: 
490: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;" %)Fischer, G. (2002) //Beyond 'Couch Potatoes': From Consumers to Designers and Active Contributors, in FirstMonday (Peer-Reviewed Journal on the Internet),// Available at __http:~/~/firstmonday.org/issues/issue7_12/fischer/.__
491: 
492: (% type="FOOTER" %)
493: (((
494: (% style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.15in; font-weight: normal; widows: 0; orphans: 0" %)
495: (% style="font-size:0.8em;" %)Fischer & Eden & Dick 36 HCC Course, Fall 2010
496: )))
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