Wiki source code of Lecture 11

Last modified by Hal Eden on 2010/10/04 14:00
Content · Comments (0) · Attachments (12) · History · Information
Hide line numbers
  1: [[[[image:http://wwwimages.adobe.com/www.adobe.com/ubi/template/identity/adobe/screen/icon/pdf.gif||alt="pdf file"]]pdf version>>attach:L11-cultures-of-part-Oct4.pdf]]
  2: 
  3: 
  4: (% border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="page-break-before: always" width="772" %)
  5: (% valign="TOP" %)|(% width="328" %)(% class="xwiki-document" %)
  6: (((
  7: (% style="color:#0000ff;" %)[[image:output_html_5492bed5.gif||border="0" height="202" name="graphics1" width="323"]]
  8: )))|(% width="424" %)(% class="xwiki-document" %)
  9: (((
 10: 
 11: (% align="RIGHT" class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-bottom: 0in" %)
 12: (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**Wisdom is not the product of schooling**
 13: 
 14: (% align="RIGHT" class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-bottom: 0in" %)
 15: (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**but the lifelong attempt to acquire it.**
 16: 
 17: (% align="RIGHT" class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-bottom: 0in" %)
 18: (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**- Albert Einstein**
 19: )))
 20: 
 21: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-bottom: 0.06in; background: #f2f2f2; border: 2.50pt solid #000000; padding: 0.01in; line-height: 0.25in" %)
 22: (% style="font-size:1.8em;" %)**Cultures of Participation**
 23: 
 24: 
 25: (% align="CENTER" class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 0.25in" %)
 26: (% style="font-size:1.2em;" %)**Gerhard Fischer, Hal Eden, and Holger Dick — Fall Semester 2010**
 27: 
 28: (% align="CENTER" class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 0.25in" %)
 29: (% style="color:#0000ff;" %)__[[(% style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-size: 1.2em" %)**gerhard@colorado.edu**>>mailto:Gerhard@colorado.edu||class="western"]](%%)__(% style="font-size:1.2em;" %)**; **(% style="color:#0000ff;" %)__[[(% style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-size: 1.2em" %)**haleden@colorado.edu**>>mailto:haleden@colorado.edu||class="western"]](%%)__(% style="font-size:1.2em;" %)**; **(% style="color:#0000ff;" %)__[[(% style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-size: 1.2em" %)**holger.dick@gmail.com**>>mailto:holger.dick@gmail.com||class="western"]](%%)__(% style="font-size:1.2em;" %)**;  **
 30: 
 31: (% align="CENTER" class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 0.25in" %)
 32: (% style="font-size:1.2em;" %)**October 4, 2010**
 33: 
 34: (% align="CENTER" class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 0.25in; widows: 0; orphans: 0" %)
 35: (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)**paper: **Fischer, G. (2009) "Cultures of Participation and Social Computing: Rethinking and Reinventing Learning and Education." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT), IEEE Press, Riga, Latvia, p. 1-5. [[__http:~~/~~/l3d.cs.colorado.edu/~~~~gerhard/papers/2009-ICALT-paper.pdf__>>http://l3d.cs.colorado.edu/~~gerhard/papers/2009-ICALT-paper.pdf||class="western"]]
 36: 
 37: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
 38: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)**Cultures and Media**
 39: 
 40: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)cultures are substantially defined by their **media and their tools** for thinking, working, learning, and collaborating
 41: 
 42: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**claim:** a large number of the new media are designed to see humans only as consumers
 43: 
 44: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)television is the most obvious medium that promotes this mindset and behavior
 45: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)it contributes to the degeneration of humans into “couch potatoes” for whom a remote control is the most important instrument of their cognitive activities
 46: 
 47: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**consumer mindsets** are not limited to television
 48: 
 49: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)educational institutions: learners are often treated as consumers, creating a mindset of consumerism for the rest of their lives
 50: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)Citizens often feel left out of the decisions by policy makers, denying them opportunities to take an active role
 51: 
 52: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0.06in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
 53: (% style="font-size:1.8em;" %)//Cultures of Participation — //(% style="font-size:1.6em;" %)//Fundamental Challenge and Opportunity//
 54: 
 55: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.06in; line-height: 0.25in" %)
 56: (% style="color:#0000ff;" %)**//consumer cultures//**
 57: 
 58: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; font-weight: normal; line-height: 0.25in" %)
 59: (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)focus: produce finished goods to be consumed passively
 60: 
 61: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; line-height: 0.25in" %)
 62: ?
 63: 
 64: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.06in; line-height: 0.25in" %)
 65: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)//**cultures of participation**//
 66: 
 67: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; line-height: 0.25in" %)
 68: (% style="font-weight: normal" %)focus: provide all people are with the means to participate actively in 
 69: (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**personally meaningful**(% style="font-weight: normal" %) problems
 70: 
 71: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
 72: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)**Comments about Cultures of Participation**
 73: 
 74: 
 75: * “(% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)//The experience of having participated in a problem makes a difference to those who are affected by the solution. People are more likely to like a solution if they have been involved in its generation; even though it might not make sense otherwise”// [Rittel, 1984].
 76: 
 77: * “(% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)//I believe passionately in the idea that people should design buildings for themselves. In other words, not only that they should be involved in the buildings that are for them but that they should actually help design them”// [Alexander, 1984].
 78: 
 79: * “(% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)//We have only scratched the surface of what would be possible if end users could freely program their own applications. As has been shown time and again, no matter how much designers and programmers try to anticipate and provide for what users will need, the effort always falls short because it is impossible to know in advance what may be needed. End users should have the ability to create customizations, extensions, and applications” [Nardi, 1993].//
 80: 
 81: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
 82: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)**Comments about Cultures of Participation**
 83: 
 84: 
 85: * “(% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)//The hacker culture and its successes pose by example some fundamental questions about human motivation, the organization of work, the future of professionalism, and the shape of the firm”// [Raymond & Young, 2001].
 86: 
 87: * “(% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)//Users that innovate can develop exactly what they want, rather than relying on manufacturers to act as their (often very imperfect) agents”// [von Hippel, 2005].
 88: 
 89: * “(% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)//The networked environment makes possible a new modality of organizing production: radically decentralized, collaborative, and nonproprietary”// [Benkler, 2006].
 90: 
 91: * “(% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)//The opportunity to generate vibrant customer ecosystems where users help advance, implement, and even market new product features represents a largely untapped frontier for farsighted companies to exploit” [Tapscott & Williams, 2006]//
 92: 
 93: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
 94: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)**Cultures of Participation: A Reality?**
 95: 
 96: (% class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: -0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 0.25in; widows: 0; orphans: 0" %)
 97: (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)<<**source:** Jenkins, H. (2006) Confronting the Challenges of Participatory Cultures: Media Education for the 21st Century, available at (% style="color:#0000ff;" %)__[[(% style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-size: 1em" %)http:~~/~~/digitallearning.macfound.org/atf/cf/%7B7E45C7E0-A3E0-4B89-AC9C-E807E1B0AE4E%7D/JENKINS_WHITE_PAPER.PDF>>http://digitallearning.macfound.org/atf/cf/%7B7E45C7E0-A3E0-4B89-AC9C-E807E1B0AE4E%7D/JENKINS_WHITE_PAPER.PDF||class="western"]](%%)__(% style="font-size:1.0em;" %)>>
 98: 
 99: 
100: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)//**a recent study (2005):**//
101: 
102: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)more than one-half of all teens have **created** media content
103: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)roughly one third of teens who use the Internet have **shared **content they produced
104: 
105: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)//**characteristics of cultures of participation**//
106: 
107: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)relatively low barriers to artistic expression and civic engagement
108: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)strong support for creating and sharing one’s creations
109: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)informal mentorship whereby what is known by the most experienced is passed along to novices
110: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)members believe their contributions matter, and feel some degree of social connection with one another
111: 
112: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
113: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)**Cultures of Participation: Potential Benefits**
114: 
115: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)peer-to-peer learning
116: 
117: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)a changed attitude toward intellectual property
118: 
119: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)the diversification of cultural expression
120: 
121: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)the development of skills valued in the modern workplace
122: 
123: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)shifts the focus of literacy from one of individual expression to community involvement
124: 
125: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)more empowered conception of citizenship
126: 
127: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
128: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)**The State of “Cultures of Participation” in the USA**
129: 
130: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.86in; text-indent: -0.28in; margin-bottom: 0.06in; line-height: 0.25in" %)
131: [[image:output_html_m283f3d5a.gif||border="0" height="491" name="graphics2" width="325"]]
132: 
133: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
134: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)**Social Participation in **(% style="color:#0000ff;" %)**US**(%%)** Politics**
135: 
136: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; line-height: 0.25in" %)
137: (% style="color:#800080;" %)[[image:output_html_50d6517e.gif||border="0" height="480" name="graphics3" width="764"]]
138: 
139: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-bottom: 0.06in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
140: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)**Social Participation in **(% style="color:#0000ff;" %)**German**(%%)** Politics**
141: 
142: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.06in; line-height: 0.25in" %)
143: [[image:output_html_960c634.gif||border="0" height="496" name="graphics4" width="690"]]
144: 
145: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.06in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
146: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 22pt" %)**Cultures of Participation **(%%)**— Application Domains**
147: 
148: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)while “Bowling communities” are on the decline (% style="font-family:Wingdings;" %)?(%%) **new communities are forming**
149: 
150: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**examples of social media for communication:**
151: 
152: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)Facebook,
153: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)Twitter,
154: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)Flickr
155: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)YouTube
156: 
157: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**examples of Web 2.0 technologies to harness collective intelligence and social creativity**
158: 
159: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)Web 2.0
160: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)Learning 2.0 (% style="font-family:Wingdings;" %)**?**(% style="color:#800080;" %)** more in lecture on November 3**
161: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)President 2.0 / Government 2.0
162: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)Science 2.0
163: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)Digital Libraries 2.0
164: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)Electricity 2.0 (Smart Grids) (% style="font-family:Wingdings;" %)?(%%) (% style="color:#800080;" %)**more: Lecture on Sept 15, Nov 8, Nov 10**
165: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)Health 2.0
166: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)Crisis 2.0 (CNN versus Bloggers, Twitter, ……)
167: 
168: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
169: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)**Tag Cloud for Web 2.0 Themes**
170: 
171: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; font-weight: normal; line-height: 0.25in" %)
172: [[image:output_html_2dc4cc06.gif||border="0" height="450" name="graphics5" width="814"]]
173: 
174: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
175: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)**President 2.0 / Government 2.0**
176: 
177: 
178: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**basic idea:**
179: 
180: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)Instead of a one-way system in which government hands down laws and provides services to citizens
181: * ? (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)use the Internet to let citizens, corporations and civil organizations work together with elected officials to develop solutions
182: 
183: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**assumption:**
184: 
185: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)"An open system means more voices; more voices mean more discussion, which leads to a better decision
186: 
187: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
188: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)**Consumer Cultures**
189: 
190: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)As the size of the audience and its geographic and social dispersion increased, public discourse developed an increasingly **one-way model**
191: 
192: 
193: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)Information and opinion that was widely known and formed the shared basis for political conversation and broad social relations flowed from ever more capital-intensive commercial and professional producers to **passive, undifferentiated consumers**
194: 
195: 
196: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)a model easily adopted and amplified by radio, television, and later cable and satellite communications.
197: 
198: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
199: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)**Fundamental Changes Based on the Internet**
200: 
201: 
202: 
203: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)the Internet presents the possibility of a **radical reversal** of the domination of broadcast media
204: 
205: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)it is the first modern communications medium that expands its reach by **decentralizing** the capital structure of production and distribution of information, culture, and knowledge
206: 
207: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)the Internet has fostered a new **culture of sharing**, one in which content is freely contributed and distributed with few restrictions or costs
208: 
209: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**but:** technology alone **does not determine** social structure (% style="font-family:Wingdings;" %)?(%%) technology creates **feasibility spaces** for social practice
210: 
211: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
212: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 22pt" %)**Cultures of Participation — Concepts**
213: 
214: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)prosumers (= producers + consumers)
215: 
216: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)pro-ams (= professionals + amateurs)
217: 
218: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)user-generated content
219: 
220: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)wisdom of crowds
221: 
222: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)crowd sourcing
223: 
224: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)long tail
225: 
226: 
227: (% class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 0.25in" %)
228: ? (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**What is needed:**
229: 
230: (% align="CENTER" class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 0.25in" %)
231: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 22pt" %)**a theoretical model to understand and foster 
232: cultures of participation**
233: 
234: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
235: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)**Some Enabling Conditions for Cultures of Participation**
236: 
237: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)the object of production is information or culture which keeps the costs of participation low for contributors
238: 
239: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)tasks can be chunked out into bite-sized pieces that individuals can contribute in small increments and independently of other producers (i.e. entries in an encyclopedia or components of a software program)
240: 
241: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)the costs of integrating those pieces into a finished end product, including the leadership and quality control mechanisms, must be low
242: 
243: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-bottom: 0.06in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
244: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)**Elements of an Analytic Model: Understanding **(% style="color:#0000ff;" %)**Strengths**
245: 
246: 
247: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)to engage the **talent pool of the whole world**
248: 
249: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)to put **owner of problems** in charge
250: 
251: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)to make **all voices** heard
252: 
253: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)to reach **extensive coverage**
254: 
255: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)to expose artifacts to **public scrutiny**
256: 
257: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-bottom: 0.06in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
258: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 22pt" %)**Elements of an Analytic Model: Understanding Weaknesses**
259: 
260: 
261: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)collective is **not always** better
262: 
263: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)loss of **individuality**
264: 
265: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)accumulation of **irrelevant information**
266: 
267: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)lack of **coherent voices**
268: 
269: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)companies offload work to customers (% style="font-family:Wingdings;" %)?(%%) **drawbacks** of “Do-It-Yourself Societies”
270: 
271: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)customers **lack the experience** and the broad background knowledge to do tasks efficiently and effectively
272: 
273: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.06in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
274: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)**Elements of an Analytic Model:
275: **(% style="font-size:1.4em;font-size: 21pt" %)** Understanding and Analyzing Success and Failures Models**
276: 
277: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**Wikipedia** = the Drosophila for “cultures of participation”
278: 
279: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**Encyclopedia of Life** = online reference source and database for every one of the 1.8 million species (with 6000 curators)
280: 
281: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**Second Life**
282: 
283: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**Open Source**
284: 
285: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**Google-SketchUp + 3D Warehouse + Google Earth**
286: 
287: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**CreativeIT Wiki**
288: 
289: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
290: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)**Encyclopedia of Life**
291: 
292: (% class="western" style="margin-right: -0.38in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.06in; line-height: 100%" %)
293: [[image:output_html_68485c4e.gif||border="0" height="466" name="graphics6" width="753"]]
294: 
295: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-bottom: 0.06in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
296: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)**3D Warehouse **(% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**(more in lecture on October 25)**
297: 
298: (% align="CENTER" class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.04in; margin-bottom: 0.04in; line-height: 0.25in" %)
299: [[image:output_html_3f5a1387.png||border="0" height="506" name="graphics7" width="706"]]
300: 
301: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
302: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)**Richer Ecologies of Participation**(% style="font-size:1.4em;font-size: 20pt" %)**:
303: Consumer ? Contributor ? Collaborator ? Meta-Designer**
304: 
305: (% align="CENTER" class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 0.25in" %)
306: (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)//**<<more in Lecture on: October 11>>**//
307: 
308: (% align="CENTER" class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 0.25in" %)
309: [[image:output_html_731bdac1.png||border="0" height="409" name="O 7" width="808"]]
310: 
311: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
312: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)**IKEA—Effect**
313: 
314: (% class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: -0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 0.25in; widows: 0; orphans: 0" %)
315: (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)<<**source:** Ariely, D. (2010) //The Upside of Irrationality — the Unexpected Benefits of Defying Logic at Work and at Home,// HarperCollins, New York, N.Y.>>
316: 
317: 
318: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**Ariely's "IKEA effect":**
319: 
320: * “(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)//Not only do we like things that we make more than similar things made by others—but we think other people should value them more as well.”//
321: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)building a toy chest for his kids with Ikea material: //“I worked a lot, it was not a particularly beautiful piece of furniture, but I was actually quite attached to it. And I think that’s kind of the interesting idea, is that when you put a lot of yourself into it, some sweat and energy and anger and maybe even frustration, you end up loving the end product a bit more.”//
322: 
323: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**short movie at: **[[(% style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-size: 1.4em" %)__**http:~~/~~/bigthink.com/ideas/20753**__>>http://bigthink.com/ideas/20753||class="western"]]
324: 
325: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
326: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)**Consumer and Designers — Beyond Binary Choices**
327: 
328: 
329: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**claims:**
330: 
331: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)there is nothing wrong about being a consumer (watching a tennis match, listening to a concert, ...)
332: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)the same person wants to be a consumer in some situations and in others a designer (% style="font-family:Wingdings;" %)?(%%) consumer / designer is not an attribute of a person, but of a context 
333: (% style="color:#0000ff;" %)**consumer / designer ? f{person} **(% style="font-family:Wingdings;" %)**?**(% style="color:#0000ff;" %)** f{context}**
334: 
335: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**problems:**
336: 
337: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)someone wants to be a designer but is forced to be a consumer (% style="font-family:Wingdings;" %)?(%%) (% style="color:#0000ff;" %)//**personally meaningful activities**//
338: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)someone wants to be a consumer but is forced to be a designer (% style="font-family:Wingdings;" %)?(%%) (% style="color:#0000ff;" %)//**personally irrelevant activities**//
339: 
340: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-bottom: 0.06in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
341: (% style="font-size:1.8em;" %)**//Research Challenges//**
342: 
343: 
344: 
345: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**models **for knowledge accumulation and sharing in different cultures
346: 
347: 
348: * “(% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**Long Tail”** theory: making all voices heard 
349: **~           **(% style="font-family:Wingdings;" %)**?**(%%)**  (% style="color:#800080;" %)more in lecture on November 3(%%)**
350: 
351: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
352: (% style="color:#0000ff;" %)**Model Authoritative**(%%)** underlying Consumer Cultures 
353: (% style="font-size:1.4em;font-size: 20pt" %)“filter and publish”(%%)**
354: 
355: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)Strong Input Filters, Small Information Repositories, Weak Output Filters
356: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**Limitation:** Making All Voices Heard
357: 
358: (% align="CENTER" class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.08in; margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 0.25in" %)
359: [[image:output_html_1bf74702.png||border="0" height="346" name="graphics8" width="753"]]
360: 
361: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
362: (% style="color:#0000ff;" %)**Model Democratic**(%%)** underlying Participation Cultures 
363: “(% style="font-size:1.4em;font-size: 20pt" %)publish and filter”(%%)**
364: 
365: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)Weak Input Filters, Large Information Repositories, Strong Output Filters
366: * (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**Limitation:** Trust and Reliability of Information
367: 
368: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; line-height: 0.25in" %)
369: [[image:output_html_1cfcb5a8.png||border="0" height="310" name="graphics9" width="703"]]
370: 
371: (% align="CENTER" class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 0.25in" %)
372: [[image:output_html_46359938.png||border="0" height="90" name="graphics10" width="392"]]
373: 
374: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
375: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)**Participation cannot be Enforced / Designed
376: but only 
377: **(% style="color:#0000ff;" %)**Encouraged / Fostered / Supported**
378: 
379: 
380: * “(% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)//**Built it and they will not come”**//** **(examples: Wiki, knowledge management, design rationale)
381: 
382: * “(% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)//**You can lead a horse to water but you can't make it drink”** //
383: 
384: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
385: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)**Conclusions**
386: 
387: * \\
388: ** (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**one of the most exciting innovations and transformations**
389: 
390: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)**past decades**: digital media have provided new powers for the **individual**
391: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)**future:** the world's networks are providing enormous unexplored opportunities for **groups and communities**
392: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)**cultures of participation** ? opportunities and challenges to provide **all citizens** with the means to become **co-creators** of new ideas, knowledge, and products in personally meaningful activities
393: 
394: * \\
395: ** (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**engage diverse audiences**
396: 
397: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)in designing and building their own technologies in new cultural and material contexts, developing tools that democratize design.
398: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)inspire, shape, support participation with meta-design
399: 
400: * \\
401: ** (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**study **cultures of participation
402: 
403: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.06in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
404: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)**Relevant Perspectives for Cultures of Participation**
405: 
406: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)**social production** ? Benkler, Y. (2006) “//The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom”//
407: 
408: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)**democratizing innovation** ? von Hippel, E. (2005) “//Democratizing Innovation”//
409: 
410: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)**mass collaboration ?  **Tapscott, D and Williams, A. (2006): //“Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything”//
411: 
412: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)**wisdom of crowds ?  **Surowiecki, J. (2005): //“The Wisdom of Crowds”//
413: 
414: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)**Long Tail ?  **Anderson, C. (2006): //“The Long Tail: Why the Future of Business Is Selling Less of More”//
415: 
416: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)**Web 2.0 ?  **O'Reilly, T. (2006): //“What Is Web 2.0 - Design Patterns and Business Models for the Next Generation of Software”//
417: 
418: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)**open source** ? Raymond, E. S., & Young, B. (2001): //“The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary”//
419: 
420: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)**learning / education ?  **Collins, A. and Halverson, R. (2009): //“The Second Educational Revolution: How Technology is Transforming Education Again”//
421: 
422: (% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-bottom: 0.06in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
423: (% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)**References for Cultures of Participation (L3D)**
424: 
425: 
426: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)Fischer, G. (2009) "End-User Development and Meta-Design: Foundations for Cultures of Participation." In V. Pipek, M. B. Rossen, B. deRuyter, & V. Wulf (Eds.), End-User Development, Springer, Heidelberg, pp. 3-14.
427: 
428: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)Collins, A., Fischer, G., Barron, B., Liu C.C., Spada, H.: “Long-Tail Learning: A Unique Opportunity for CSCL?”, CSCL 2009, Rhodes, Greece, June pp 22-24
429: 
430: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)Fischer, G. (2009) "Cultures of Participation and Social Computing: Rethinking and Reinventing Learning and Education." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT), IEEE Press, Riga, Latvia, pp. 1-5.
431: 
432: * (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)Fischer, G. (2010) "End-User Development and Meta-Design: Foundations for Cultures of Participation," Journal of Organizational and End User Computing 22(1), pp. 52-82.
433: 
434: (% type="FOOTER" %)
435: (((
436: (% style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.1in; margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 0.25in" %)
437: (% style="font-size:0.8em;" %)Fischer & Eden & Dick 32 HCC Course, Fall 2010
438: )))
Course Pages

Recently Modified

MSC Final Project ...
MakeShiftCrew Proj...
Embedding Content
Human-Centered Com...
Assignment12KyleMa...
See More Changes
Recently Created

WebPreferences | RatingStats | palen | ksiek | kena
Wiki source code of Lecture 11

Course Pages

Recently Modified

Recent Comments

Recently Created
