Wiki source code of A15 WeLovePeaches

Last modified by Andrew Hepler on 2010/12/10 16:51
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  7: (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Myung-Ho Kim, Leon Gibson, Andrew Hepler, Jason Cockerham, Joanne White
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 11: (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Abstract (%%)
 12: (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Our democracy relies on the voice of the people. However it has been shown that less than 60% of the people actively participate in US elections, while other countries experience far higher levels of participation. (%%)
 13: \\(% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)As our society becomes increasingly networked, we question if there are motivations to voting that are achievable in the online context which will improve voting numbers. In order to do this, we need to understand what kinds of motivation compel people to participate online. Further, what role does this motivation have in creating a culture of collaboration, participation and ultimately, community? Is it possible for us to identify key motivation strategies that will entice individuals to firstly participate, and secondly, to solidly engage with the content produced by others to the extent that they enter a wider realm of learning and forge a renewed interest in democratic engagement?(%%)
 14: \\(% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Keywords:(%%)
 15: (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Voting, Community, cultures of participation, social media, distributed cognition(%%)
 16: \\(% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Problem / Goal(%%)
 17: (% class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;" %) (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %) In the US 55% of the voting age population votes in presidential election years (38% in other years) .[[(% style="background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-family: ~"Times New Roman~"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline" %)http:~~/~~/elections.gmu.edu/voter_turnout.htm>>http://elections.gmu.edu/voter_turnout.htm]](% style="background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: ~"Times New Roman~"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" %).  Other countries have a much higher percentage of people voting.  Germany for instance has voter turnouts of around 72% [[(% style="background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline" %)http:~~/~~/eaves.ca/2007/09/13/exploding-the-myth-mmp-and-inceasing-voter-turnout/>>http://eaves.ca/2007/09/13/exploding-the-myth-mmp-and-inceasing-voter-turnout/]](% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %) (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)and Australia has had turnouts of near 95% [[(% style="background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline" %)http:~~/~~/www.aec.gov.au/Elections/Australian_Electoral_History/Voter_Turnout.htm>>http://www.aec.gov.au/Elections/Australian_Electoral_History/Voter_Turnout.htm]](% style="background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: ~"Times New Roman~"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" %), and Japan had a turnout of 65% in 2005 [[(% style="background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline" %)http:~~/~~/www.jsps.go.jp/english/e-plaza/e-sdialogue/03_data/Dr_Richey.pdf>>http://www.jsps.go.jp/english/e-plaza/e-sdialogue/03_data/Dr_Richey.pdf]](% style="background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" %).  All countries are not democracies of course, and definitions of democracy are differently perceived in those which are founded on democratic principles, or feature voting as an aspect of electing governing officials. For example, Australia’s voting system compels you to vote if you are 18 years of age or more. If an election is held and you do not vote, you are fined $75. In the USA of course, this is not the case.(%%)
 18: \\(% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)In order for democracy to work, citizens need to actively participate. If they do not, the only voices who are heard and the only people making decisions are those who are engaged. Currently, this is less than half the population (in off years). As for young people, only about 14% of them vote, which means the vast majority of them are simply not engaged.(%%)
 19: \\(% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)We understand the problem to be a lack of engagement and willingness to participate in the process of voting, particularly in what is termed the youth vote (18-29 year old voters). Through the course we have discovered that education about how the process directly affects individuals can be one way of improving this. Additionally, we have found that in order to educate new voters, game play as well as creating social communities of participation could also hold the key. Rather than making voting ‘cool’, a culture of participation, where voting is the standard thing to do (making ‘good behavior’ visible), can solve this problem. This is particularly interesting to us, as the process of voting itself is a highly personal, private thing to do. However, the culture of voting calls on people to become educated about candidates, and possibly prepared to stand up for their beliefs when challenged in a social setting. For young people in particular, there is a lot of social capital at stake. (%%)
 20: \\(% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Web surveys have provided many researchers and surveyors the ability to poll millions of online users. Yet those online don’t participate with the frequency that one would respect with the ease of access that online web surveys provide. This leads one to ask how to create respondent-friendly web questionnaires. Respondent-friendly web questionnaires are constructed in a manner that increases the likelihood that sampled individuals will respond to a survey request, answering each question accurately as intended by the surveyor. Are these users limited by their computer-literacy? It has been shown that the fancier the page, the more likely users will participate in a survey. There are limitations though, namely in the technologies used to create these surveys. The more cutting-edge or complicated the web technology the less likely all users in the focus group can participate based on their browser and operating system. (%%)
 21: \\(% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)If we are able to create communities of participation, using education gained through aspects of distributed cognition focused on young voters, we can move forward to increasing participation in voting. For instance, research into the areas of survey design is well documented in journals and technical writing. What rules or guidelines can improve the results of survey participation when researchers provide a survey online? Also what kind of reward system is needed both in surveys and in developing a strong user participation base makes sense in an online world? What has worked? What hasn’t? (%%)
 22: \\(% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)We are practicing what we preach through the use of Micromobs – a collaborative tool which encourages distributed cognition and learning through the use of threaded conversations, ability to add links, and organize content. The Micromobs site has a very clutter free interface, but provides both a nice aesthetic as well as current Web 2.0 Blog technology that provides all of the tools needed to develop a community of participation for the mob of a user’s choice. (%%)
 23: \\(% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Methodologies(%%)
 24: (% class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;" %) (%%)In order to explore how to motivate people in an online setting, we delivered a small preliminary survey to find out some qualitative information about how people felt about voting.
 25: (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)We created a survey in an online survey tool known as SurveyGizmo, outlining that Ryan Esgus, an instructor at the University of Centerford, was up for reappointment. The survey said that the University had decided to put the decision to reappoint in the hands of the general public, and so anyone could go to the survey and state their opinion.(%%)
 26: (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)We created a Facebook group page both for and against Ryan Esgus’s reappointment, and also developed a badge that people could post themselves reflecting their opinion on the reappointment.(%%)
 27: (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)In an attempt to leverage the ‘friends’ we had in various social media and through email, we sent messages out on Facebook and via email to try and get them to go directly to the survey and vote on the reappointment, or to the Facebook pages.(%%)
 28: (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Additionally, one team member wrote a blog post on crowdsourcing votes, and linked the topic to a recent article from (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: italic; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)The Chronicle (2)(% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %), where an anonymous male claimed he was writing papers/theses for students at various prices. The article gained over 600 comments. We wondered if readers of the mediamum blog (who are generally university graduates) would be spurred into action through discussion of the quality of education.(%%)
 29: \\(% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)None of these worked. While close to 170 people visited the survey directly from a link we had provided in social media, only 9 people completed it.(%%)
 30: \\(% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)We then began a conversation on Twitter about the reappointment. Jo (@mediamum) asked a couple of questions on twitter, with a link to the survey, about whether crowdsourcing reappointment was a good idea or not. It was hoped that discussion would generate more attention to it.(%%)
 31: \\(% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)This worked far better than any of the other social media tools that we used. People offered various opinions about the University’s plans, and what impact crowdsourcing the reappointment would have on teaching. While it did not directly translate into action, it provided an engagement between people that had not been experienced until then.(%%)
 32: \\(% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Related Work(%%)
 33: (% class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;" %) (%%)The question is then pertinent to ask is, what creates a successful web survey. The research by Dillman for “Principles for Constucting Web Surveys” provides some great direction into things we executed correctly and those that we did not do as well in. His team first defines for the reader what is termed a “respondent-friendly web questionnaire.” They aim to design surveys that are low on input error while increasing motivation to participate. Their paper outlines 11 principles for the design and layout of surveys.11 We will list those that are most valid to our survey and analyze each one.
 34: (% class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;" %) (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Principle 1:(% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %) Introduce the web questionnaire with a welcome screen that is motivational, (%%)emphasizes the ease of responding, and instructs respondents on the action needed for proceeding to the next page.
 35: (% class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;" %) (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Analysis: (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)The design decision was made to not create a welcome screen for our survey. Most (%%)likely attempting to create such a page on SurveyGizmo would require paying more for our survey. Would this really have made a difference. We found that those who viewed the survey
 36: (% class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;" %) (%%)did not always participate, but instead searched the web for identification of Ryan Esgus. What 
 37: may have been included on a welcome screen would be bio information on an aesthetically pleasing page. This would not only give those respondents the information needed to make a decision, but also place respondents at ease to potentially respond because they're more comfortable with the site after leaving the comfort of Facebook.
 38: (% class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;" %) (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Principle 2:(% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %) Begin the web questionnaire with a question that is fully visible on the first screen of the questionnaire, and will be easily comprehended and answered by all respondents.(%%)
 39: (% class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;" %) (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Analysis: (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Disregarding the fact that we only have one page, there isn't a question much better than “Your age?” It's a question that many people have answered since they were able to talk on (%%)their own, and anyone that has had to fill out any identification form is familiar with such a query.
 40: (% class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;" %) (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Principle 3:(% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %) Present each question in a conventional format similar to that normally used on paper questionnaires.(%%)
 41: (% class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;" %) (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Analysis:(% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %) By utilizing SurveyGizmo we were not afforded the opportunity to create a custom look and feel for our survey in a way that doesn't present a traditional top down form of inputs. (%%)There may have been the opportunity to change the layout of the survey, placing changes on the flow between questions. Such a change would be interesting to test, but it's not believed the format of our survey was the reason for low survey participation.
 42: (% class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;" %) (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Principle 10:(% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %) Use graphical symbols or words that convey a sense of where the respondent is in (%%)the completion progress, but avoid ones that require advanced programming.
 43: (% class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;" %) (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Analysis:(% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %) As a feature of SurveyGizmo, our survey has a progress bar at the bottom of the form. Unfortunately we didn't have but one form to submit, the users then are presented with the progress bar showing a 100% while the submission process completes. Although not exactly (%%)what the researchers meant, it shows that SurveyGizmo understands the importance of communicating to the user how their progress in the survey has been tracked.
 44: (% class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;" %) (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Principle 11:(% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %) Be cautious about using question structures that have known measurement (%%)problems on paper questionnaires, e.g., check-all-that-apply and open-ended questions.
 45: (% class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;" %) (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Analysis:(% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %) Our survey was very straightforward with Yes/No questions that weren't up for much (%%)interpretation. Our last question, number 7, just asked “Why or why not?” This was after asking if Ryan Esgus should be reappointed. Although not a bad question, we're asking of our respondents to create a written response to an issue that they were just presented with for the first time. In retrospect, we possibly should have asked specific questions that required the user to think about an answer that is concise and clear: “Does a student evaluation of 75% for Ryan Esgus mean he should not be reappointed? Explain.” or “With student comments like these: '….' how would you suggest Ryan Esgus proceed to improve his chances on being reappointed?” Would these questions lead us to more respondents? Highly unlikely, but the answers given for his reappointment may be more meaningful which is the goal of a respondent-friendly web questionnaire.
 46: (% class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;" %) (%%)So what about the asthetic of our web survey? Was it too fancy? Simple? Undesirable? Attractive? The color scheme of the page is quite easy on the eyes. Upon the black background of the survey are easy to read questions in white. The font is quite professional and easy to read and decipher. The environment around the background is a warm orange-red that draws the users eyes to the background where they are able to concentrate on the form. Using large white font to signify the title the user understands where they are and the purpose of the survey they are about to take. Above the form is a synopsis of what the user is voting on. There really couldn't be a better way to show this form could there?
 47: (% class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;" %) (%%)Dillman and his researchers went through the exercise of studying the difference between “Fancy” and “Plain” web surveys. This research has been referenced for years after the results of the survey were printed. One caveat of creating fancy web pages is the fact that when dealing with online surveys the users must be able to both access the site as well as view the survey on the equipment they possess. Although the survey by the team was conducted over ten years ago, the principles are still valid today. There are technologies like AJAX, JAVA, and Flash that require the user to not only possess the hardware to support the processing but also the latest software updates to support these technologies. So although the use of them may in fact make the survey more aesthetically appealing, it does not ensure that all users are able to access and use it.
 48: (% class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;" %) (%%)Their design of the “plain” questionnaire was one that was a standard black and white with uniform answer choices on the left side of the screen. Alternatively the fancy questionnaire used html tables and color bands of purple and pink to attract the users eye to the form and help them fill out the form. After allowing their test group to use both surveys they found that in the end the “plain” questionnaire represented more of a respondent-friendly questionnaire. Their conclusion is that the plain survey actually allows for a faster and less error-prone submission, while the fancy survey takes time to load and could be plain unusable to those with incompatible browsers. The ultimate idea to take away from the research is that surveys need to both be asthetically pleasing while placing the least amount of requirements to a user to access and use the survey. We believe the SurveyGizmo site that was utilized for our survey gave us that balance and was sufficient.
 49: (% class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;" %) (%%)While many have looked to solve the issue of participation in democracy, none have looked to social media and cultures of participation in that realm as being a possible solution. Instead, some have identified that mass media have let young voters down – people no longer are interested in newspapers, or extended political debates – and therefore feel driven away from voting. 
 50: (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)It has been recognized that the largest turned out of young voters was in the 2008 US presidential election, where US states saw three or even four times as many young voters as ever before. Additionally, it has been said, “New technology, the internet especially, is making it easier for candidates to reach the youth and, in turn, more young people are voting. Websites such as Facebook and Youtube not only allow students who don't subscribe to newspapers or watch the evening news stay on top of the polls, but also allows them to share their excitement over the polls and candidates. (Von Drehle, 2008, Time Magazine)(%%)
 51: \\(% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Characterization of the Individual Contributions(%%)
 52: (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)This project is a joint effort, with different responsibilities being managed by different members of the team. While each team member is leading on different areas, the content is contributed by all team members.(%%)
 53: (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Jason: Voting behavior, background and influences.(%%)
 54: (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Myung: Preliminary findings and direction on voting; survey design, data collection.(%%)
 55: (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Andrew: Education and preliminary preparedness for engagement in voting.(%%)
 56: (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Leon: Visualizations, reward strategies for participation.(%%)
 57: (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Jo: Social media rollout and motivation, organization and scheduling.(%%)
 58: \\(% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Findings and Results(%%)
 59: (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Andrew: When looking at motivating people to vote I have always thought that people influence others to do good deeds. Therefore, I think that collaborative education is one of the best ways to learn about current topics, new ways to use old technology, and networking a series of thoughts through each other. My current findings are mainly from Internet sites that recommend (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: italic; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Quest To Learn (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)as the leading digitally-based school, in which students are engaged with collaborate work and systems thinking. Other sites that have been beneficial to my research have dealt with scores in math and science improving after use of educational games. Looking for an educational game that currently exists and relates to motivating a person to vote is quite rare. However, I have found some interesting facts about some political games that will tie the two subjects together more or less. Although, in the ways of motivating kids for future voting privileges, a non-profit organization called Kids Voting USA was established. This organization is one of the main contributors in motivating kids to become an active part of Democracy. Schools that participate with the Kids Voting program prepare students for future voting scenarios in which classroom agenda is based on “real life” situations. The learning programs at Kids Vote USA [[(% style="background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-family: ~"Times New Roman~"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline" %)(https:~~/~~/netforum.avectra.com/eWeb/StartPage.aspx?Site=KVUSA&WebCode=HomePage)>>https://docs.google.com/document/d/1NO8iPQQz2UaKS1DGVYhXM5XUSSmsqbgUyErTYYl1h_4/edit?hl=en&authkey=CKX36bsM&pli=1]](% style="background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: ~"Times New Roman~"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" %) are centered around keeping young voters knowledgeable about all of the different situations that can appear in a actual election. By using collaborative group assignments with fellow students, and even their parents in some cases, the curriculum at Kids Voting USA really prepares children to take interest in voting. After receiving the results from our survey, it had appeared to me that being genuinely educated on the subject is a must for all voters. While our survey lacked the amount of voters that actually voted, we still had more people simply look at the survey then leave it blank. When hearing back from some of the Blog posts about our fake professor, many people went straight to Google to find information on him. Of course, there was nothing to be found, which most likely swayed some people’s decision on whether or not to vote on his reappointment. When I include some of my other findings about voting and the amount of education a voter has, I found that the people with higher levels of education are more likely to vote than someone of lesser education. [[(% style="background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 0, 153)" %)http:~~/~~/myvaresources.com/blogs/depotdazed/2010/04/how-does-level-of-education-affect-voting-patterns>>http://myvaresources.com/blogs/depotdazed/2010/04/how-does-level-of-education-affect-voting-patterns]](% style="background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" %)  A success in my research was discovering that the more people collaborate with each other and learn from each other, a greater sense of motivation to participate seems to form. When people gained a general interest in our fake professor, they sought out information on him by means of Internet, phone calls, and even basic conversation. Education is a definite factor which motivates a person to vote, and hopefully refine their skills as a human as well.
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 61: (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Jason: I have found voter turnout stats for the US, Australia, Germany, and Japan from 1980 - 2008.  This site has all the data in a single table, (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %) [[(% style="background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 102, 204); font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline" %)http:~~/~~/xwiki.cs.colorado.edu/bin/view/HCCF2010/NewPage>>http://xwiki.cs.colorado.edu/bin/view/HCCF2010/NewPage]](% style="background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" %). (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %) These stats come from the websites: [[(% style="background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-family: ~"Times New Roman~"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline" %)http:~~/~~/elections.gmu.edu/voter_turnout.htm>>http://elections.gmu.edu/voter_turnout.htm]](% style="background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: ~"Times New Roman~"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" %),  [[(% style="background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline" %)http:~~/~~/www.aec.gov.au/Elections/Australian_Electoral_History/Voter_Turnout.htm>>http://www.aec.gov.au/Elections/Australian_Electoral_History/Voter_Turnout.htm]](% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %),(% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %) [[(% style="background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline" %)http:~~/~~/www.jsps.go.jp/english/e-plaza/e-sdialogue/03_data/Dr_Richey.pdf>>http://www.jsps.go.jp/english/e-plaza/e-sdialogue/03_data/Dr_Richey.pdf]](% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %), and [[(% style="background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline" %)http:~~/~~/eaves.ca/2007/09/13/exploding-the-myth-mmp-and-inceasing-voter-turnout/>>http://eaves.ca/2007/09/13/exploding-the-myth-mmp-and-inceasing-voter-turnout/]](% style="background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" %).  (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Note that the percentages are taken differently in different countries, like the US uses percentage of voting population while Australia uses percentage of enrolment(% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %) [[(% style="background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 102, 204); font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline" %)http:~~/~~/mumble.com.au/?p=1202>>http://mumble.com.au/?p=1202]](% style="background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" %).  As this site shows, since different countries add it up in different ways and count and don’t count certain groups of people, this leads to huge uncertainty when trying to compare one country to another.  For example one country might count people who didn’t vote from overseas and another might not.  With enough of these differences, huge gaps in percentage can occure just from that, so comparing countries accurately can be difficult.  I also posted on a class facebook group questioning Colorado and Waseda students if and why they did or did not vote.
 62: 
 63: (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Leon: My research has dealt with both design of surveys in the asthetic sense as well as the way to develop surveys that encourage participation. The research in both fields has been very interesting. Two key articles to my research will be (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: italic; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)The Influence of Plain vs. Fancy Designs on Response Rates for Web Surveys(% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %) and (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: italic; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Principles for Constructing Web Surveys(% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %), both authored by Dillman et. al . Each address the visual and content keys needed to encouraging participation in web surveys.
 64: 
 65: (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Jo: Sociology and human research by Hugh Mackay (Mackay, 2010) indicates that asking people why they behave certain ways will not reveal their true motivations. This is also true when designing user interfaces and other research concerned with motivation - what we do is not rational, or easily expressed by ourselves. In fact, in hindsight we create or revise our motivations in order to make ourselves more socially acceptable and attractive to others. One way of combatting this and breaking through someone’s perception of what they do has been developed by Dr Clayton Lewis (Lewis & Reiman, 1994), with his Thinking Aloud activity - the key appears to be gathering the data in realtime rather than upon reflection when the task is completed, and analyzing those data to identify triggers for behavior that can aid in developing better interfaces that will be more intuitive for the user. Using the results and considerations of these research fields, it is possible to argue that a series of thinking aloud experiments while users are online will be able to inform us in how best to create a social media conversation about a brand or political identity that will result in action.(%%)
 66: (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)The most successful aspects of our methodology which invited informal discussion was the posting on Twitter. People asked questions and made statements that were aimed at continuing a conversation. Topics raised were related to the survey structure, number of times people could vote, and concern over the fact that people could vote when they didn’t know the instructor at all. Additionally, one person looked from a far broader lens, and said they didn’t like anything which would result in faculty trying to be popular with people in order to gain reappointment. Furthermore, another active commenter suggested that the rise of reality television had made the population ready for crowdsourcing of everything. A very interesting statement to explore further. (%%)
 67: \\(% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)The conversation on Twitter featured many of the signs of collaborative learning. It used shared intelligence and had a goal of distributed cognition. In hindsight, the Facebook groups were only going to be useful once people had become informed and made up their minds who to vote for. Even with the reward of a badge, it was too much of a commitment to vote decisively on this for most people. They purely wanted to explore the issue from a number of angles, and become well informed. With this in mind, it is pertinent to consider the Reader-to-Leader Framework (Preece, Jennifer and Shneiderman, Ben (2009)) and its relationship to those people who became a little engaged with this topic. One Twitter respondent tweeted four messages about this topic. Others only tweeted one. This demonstrated different levels of engagement, and with further push and time, perhaps this could have been developed into seeing some leaders enter the Facebook pages and drive further discussion.(%%)
 68: \\(% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Only a few people did due diligence independently. We identified four people who performed a google search on Ryan Esgus in order to find out more about him. We assume that when they only hit our blog post, and no further information (as he was fabricated), they either thought the issue was not important, or perhaps that it was not real. 
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 71: (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Myung: (%%)This is the link for the survey: (% class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal; font-size: medium;" %)[[http:~~/~~/www.surveygizmo.com/s3/424057/Should-the-University-of-Centerford-reappoint-Professor-Ryan-Esgus>>http://www.surveygizmo.com/s3/424057/Should-the-University-of-Centerford-reappoint-Professor-Ryan-Esgus]]
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 73: (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)The survey which asks whether a professor has to be reappointed or not was handed out through two pages in Facebook as described in methodology. The survey takes to around 2 minutes to complete at most.(%%)
 74: (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Followings are the result: 9 completed out of 173 attempts
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 77: (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)5 participants were male, and 4 were female.
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 80: (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)The range of participants were 22-50.
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 83: (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)8 out of 9 participants said they graduated from a college or they are currently in it.
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 85: (% style="text-indent: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;" %)
 86: (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)3 out of 9 participants generally care about reappointment of professors.
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 89: (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)5 out of 9 participants prefer an interesting-but-hard class.
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 92: (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)4 participants wanted Professor Ryan to be reappointed, and 5 do not want.
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 95: (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Only 6 participants wrote the reason regarding the vote they did whether Professor Ryan has to be reappointed or not.
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 98: As shown above, 9 completions out of 173 attempts, the participant rate of the survey was not successful.
 99: \\\\(% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)References
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101: 1. (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Benkler (%%)and Nissenbaum (2006) “Commons-Based Peer Production and Virtue”
102: 1. (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Burke, (%%)M., Marlow, C. and Lento, T. (2009) “Feed Me: Motivating Newcomer Contribution in Social Network Sites”
103: 1. (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Harris, (%%)Chris. "Super Tuesday Youth Voter Turnout Triples, Quadruples in Some States." MTV.com. retrieved 6 Feb 2008.[[(% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Verdana; color: rgb(51, 102, 187); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)http:~~/~~/www.mtv.com/news/articles/1581027/20080206/ld_0.jhtml>>http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1581027/20080206/ld_0.jhtml]]
104: 1. (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Learning (%%)by playing: Video games in the Classroom, New York Times, 19 September, 2010; [[(% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Verdana; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)http:~~/~~/www.nytimes.com/2010/09/19/magazine/19video-t.html?_r=4>>http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/19/magazine/19video-t.html?_r=4]]
105: 1. Lewis & Reiman, (1994). “Task-Centered User Interface Design: A Practical Introduction”, accessed at [[(% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 153); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)http:~~/~~/hcibib.org/tcuid/index.html>>http://hcibib.org/tcuid/index.html]]
106: 1. (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Mackay, (%%)H. (2010) "What Makes Us Tick? The 10 Desires that Drive Us". Hatchett Australia
107: 1. (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Preece, Jennifer and Shneiderman, Ben (2009) "The Reader-to-Leader Framework: Motivating Technology-Mediated Social Participation," (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: italic; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction(% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %) (1) 1, pp. 13-32
108: 1. (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Available at: http:~/~/aisel.aisnet.org/thci/vol1/iss1/5
109: 1. (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Von (%%)Drehle, David. "Why Young Voters Care Again." Time Magazine. Feb 2008:34-48
110: 1. (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Youth (%%)Vote, Wikipedia[[(% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %) (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Verdana; color: rgb(0, 0, 153); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)http:~~/~~/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_vote>>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_vote]]
111: 1. [[(% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 153); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)http:~~/~~/elections.gmu.edu/voter_turnout.htm>>http://elections.gmu.edu/voter_turnout.htm]]
112: 1. [[(% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 153); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)http:~~/~~/san-antonio.movingtoanapartment.com/living/top-10-reasons-people-dont-vote.htm>>http://san-antonio.movingtoanapartment.com/living/top-10-reasons-people-dont-vote.htm]]
113: 1. [[(% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 153); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)http:~~/~~/www.aec.gov.au/Elections/Australian_Electoral_History/Voter_Turnout.htm>>http://www.aec.gov.au/Elections/Australian_Electoral_History/Voter_Turnout.htm]]
114: 1. (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)        [[(% style="background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline" %)http:~~/~~/www.jsps.go.jp/english/e-plaza/e-sdialogue/03_data/Dr_Richey.pdf>>http://www.jsps.go.jp/english/e-plaza/e-sdialogue/03_data/Dr_Richey.pdf]]
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116: 1. [[(% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Dillman, (%%)Don A., Robert>>http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,651614,00.html]](% style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %) (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Verdana; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)D. (%%)Tortora, and Dennis Bowker. "Principles for Constructing Web Surveys." [[(% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 153); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)http:~~/~~/survey.sesrc.wsu.edu/dillman/papers/Websurveyppr.pdf>>http://survey.sesrc.wsu.edu/dillman/papers/Websurveyppr.pdf]]
117: 1. (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)Dillman, (%%)Don A., Robert D. Tortora, Jon Conradt, and Dennis Bowker. "The Influence of Plain vs. Fancy Designs on Response Rates for Web Surveys."[[(% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %) (% style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 153); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" %)http:~~/~~/www.sesrc.wsu.edu/dillman/papers/asa98ppr.pdf>>http://www.sesrc.wsu.edu/dillman/papers/asa98ppr.pdf]]
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122: )))