Wiki source code of Lecture 8

Last modified by Hal Eden on 2010/09/22 11:43
Content · Comments (0) · Attachments (15) · History · Information
[[[[image:http://wwwimages.adobe.com/www.adobe.com/ubi/template/identity/adobe/screen/icon/pdf.gif||alt="pdf file"]]pdf version>>attach:L8-design-method-sept22.pdf]]

(% border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="page-break-before: always" width="772" %)
(% valign="TOP" %)|(% width="328" %)(% class="xwiki-document" %)
(((
[[image:output_html_5492bed5.gif||border="0" height="202" name="graphics1" width="323"]]
)))|(% width="424" %)(% class="xwiki-document" %)
(((


(% align="RIGHT" class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-bottom: 0in" %)
(% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**Wisdom is not the product of schooling**

(% align="RIGHT" class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-bottom: 0in" %)
(% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**but the lifelong attempt to acquire it.**

(% align="RIGHT" class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-bottom: 0in" %)
(% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**- Albert Einstein**
)))


(% align="CENTER" class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-bottom: 0in; background: #dfdfdf; border: 1.00pt solid #000000; padding: 0in; line-height: 0.25in" %)
(% style="font-size:1.6em;" %)**Design Methodologies**


(% align="CENTER" class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 0.25in" %)
(% style="font-size:1.2em;" %)**Gerhard Fischer, Hal Eden, and Holger Dick — Fall Semester 2010**

(% align="CENTER" class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 0.25in" %)
(% style="color:#0000ff;" %)__[[(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)**gerhard@colorado.edu**>>mailto:Gerhard@colorado.edu||class="western"]](%%)__(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)**; **(% style="color:#0000ff;" %)__[[(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)**haleden@colorado.edu**>>mailto:haleden@colorado.edu||class="western"]](%%)__(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)**; **(% style="color:#0000ff;" %)__[[(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)**holger.dick@gmail.com**>>mailto:holger.dick@gmail.com||class="western"]](%%)__(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)**;  **

(% align="CENTER" class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 0.25in" %)
(% style="font-size:1.2em;" %)**September 22, 2010**

(% class="western" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: -0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 0.25in; widows: 0; orphans: 0" %)
(% style="font-size:1.2em;" %)**background: **Web Site of the CHI 2007 Workshop “Converging on a ‘Science of Design’ through the Synthesis of Design Methodologies” at:** **[[__http:~~/~~/swiki.cs.colorado.edu:3232/CHI07Design/__>>http://swiki.cs.colorado.edu:3232/CHI07Design/||class="western"]]

(% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.08in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
(% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)**Design for Which World?**


* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**Objective world: **quality is a question of prediction and control


* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**Social world: **quality is a question of ethics determined through communication and interpretation


* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**Subjective world: **quality is a question of aesthetics centered on emotional experiences

(% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.08in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
(% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)**Design Trade-Offs: **(% style="color:#0000ff;" %)**Complexity**(%%)** (% style="font-family:Wingdings;" %)??(%%) (% style="color:#800080;" %)Simplicity(%%)**

* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**Don Norman: **(% style="color:#0000ff;" %)**Complexity**

* (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)I argue in favor of complexity, against the simple-minded notion that things should be simple. Simplicity is boring.
* (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)We want richness and depth in our lives.
* (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)the world and our activities are inherently complex, so the tools we use must match that complexity.
* (% style="font-style: normal" %)We don't want confusion, perplexity, and confusion ? we want our complex tools and activities to be understandable.


* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**John Maeda: **(% style="color:#800080;" %)**Simplicity**

* (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)we can learn to simplify without sacrificing comfort and meaning
* (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)10 laws:
* (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)law-1: Reduce = it is not beneficial to add technology features just because we can
* (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)law-10: simplicity is about subtracting the obvious, and adding the meaningful

(% align="CENTER" class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
[[image:output_html_m64315333.gif||border="0" height="547" name="graphics2" width="359"]]

(% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.08in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
(% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)**Major Challenges for (Software) Design**



* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**Importance of Application Domain Knowledge**



* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**Supporting Communication and Coordination**



* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**Designing Open and Evolvable Systems**

* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**source: **Curtis, B., Krasner, H., & Iscoe, N. (1988) "A Field Study of the Software Design Process for Large Systems," //Communications of the ACM,// 31(11), pp. 1268-1287.

(% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.63in; text-indent: -0.24in; margin-bottom: 0.06in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
(% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)**Different Generations of Design Methods**

* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**1st Generation (before 1970) — //example//**: waterfall-type models

* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)//directionality and causality//
* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)//separation of analysis from synthesis//
* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)//major drawback: (a) perceived by the designers as being unnatural, and (b) does not correspond to actual design practice//

* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)//**2nd Generation in the early 70'es — **//(% style="font-style: normal" %)**example:**(%%)// participatory design//

* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)//participation — expertise in design is distributed among all participants//
* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)//argumentation — various positions on each issue//
* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)//major drawback: insisting on total participation neglects expertise possessed by a well-informed and skilled designer//

* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**3rd Generation (in the late 70'es) — //example//**: meta-design

* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)//inspired by Popper: the role of the designer is to make expert design **conjectures**//
* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)//these conjectures must be open to refutation, rejection, and elaboration by the people for whom they are made//

(% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.08in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
(% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)**The Waterfall Model (strictly sequential)**

(% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0.06in; line-height: 0.25in" %)
[[image:output_html_m73aba56a.png||border="0" height="503" name="graphics3" width="654"]]

(% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.63in; text-indent: -0.24in; margin-bottom: 0.06in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
(% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)**The Waterfall Model (with Feedback)**

(% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.63in; text-indent: -0.24in; margin-bottom: 0.06in; line-height: 0.25in" %)
[[image:output_html_m2e75ca94.gif||border="0" height="455" name="graphics4" width="667"]]

(% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.08in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
(% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)**The Spiral Model**

(% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.63in; text-indent: -0.24in; margin-bottom: 0.06in; font-weight: normal; line-height: 0.25in" %)
[[image:output_html_652a5d63.gif||border="0" height="515" name="graphics5" width="512"]]

(% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.63in; text-indent: -0.24in; margin-bottom: 0.06in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
(% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)**Overview of Different Design Methodologies**

* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**professionally-dominated design**

* (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)works best for people with the same interests and background knowledge

* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**user-centered design**

* (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)analyze the needs of the users
* (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)understand the conceptual worlds of the users
* (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)very different from user-design (design done by users; facilitated by meta-design)

* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**learner-centered design**

* (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)low threshold and high ceiling
* (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)draws attention to the changing needs of users
* (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)combine HCI interaction principles with educational interaction support

* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**participatory design**

* (% style="font-style: normal" %)involve users more deeply in the process as co-designers by empowering them to propose and generate design alternatives
* (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)focus on system development at design time by bringing developers and users together to envision the contexts of use

(% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.63in; text-indent: -0.24in; margin-bottom: 0.06in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
(% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)**Different Design Methodologies — continued**

* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**collaborative design**

* (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)the power of many hands and many heads
* (% style="font-style: normal" %)communities of practice and communities of interest (**more in lecture on: Oct 27**)

* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**meta-design (more in lecture on Sept 27)**

* (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)create design opportunities at use time
* (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)improvisation, local knowledge, tacit knowledge getting activated in actual use situations is supported

* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**value-sensitive design (Batya Friedman)**

* (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)an approach to the design of technology that accounts for human values in a principled and systematic manner throughout the design process
* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)[[(% style="font-style: normal" %)__http:~~/~~/depts.washington.edu/vsdesign/__>>http://depts.washington.edu/vsdesign/||class="western"]]

* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**emotional design (Donald Norman)**

* (% style="font-style: normal" %)questions: does cheap wine taste better in fancy glasses?
* (% style="font-style: normal" %)claim: (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)//“when a product is aesthetically pleasing and plays to our ideas about ourselves and society, we experience it positively”//
* (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)__http:~/~/www.jnd.org/__

(% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-bottom: 0.06in; font-style: normal; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
[[image:output_html_1a87b4f.gif||border="0" height="548" name="graphics6" width="366"]]

(% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.63in; text-indent: -0.24in; margin-bottom: 0.06in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
(% style="color:#0000ff;" %)**Professionally-Dominated**(%%)** Design**



* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**Motto of the 1933 Chicago World’s Fair:**

(% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-bottom: 0.06in; font-style: normal; line-height: 0.25in" %)
(% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)Science Finds,

(% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-bottom: 0.06in; font-style: normal; line-height: 0.25in" %)
(% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)Industry Applies,

(% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-bottom: 0.06in; font-style: normal; line-height: 0.25in" %)
(% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)Man Conforms



* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**A person-centered motto for the 21st century:**

(% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-bottom: 0.06in; font-style: normal; line-height: 0.25in" %)
(% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)People Propose,

(% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-bottom: 0.06in; font-style: normal; line-height: 0.25in" %)
(% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)Science Studies,

(% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-bottom: 0.06in; font-style: normal; line-height: 0.25in" %)
(% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)Technology Conforms



* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**source: **Norman, D. A. (1993) Things That Make Us Smart, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Reading, MA.

(% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.08in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
(% style="color:#0000ff;" %)**Professionally-Dominated**(%%)** Design**




(% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.06in; text-indent: -0.01in; margin-bottom: 0.06in; font-weight: normal; line-height: 0.25in" %)
[[image:output_html_7ae22ce3.gif||border="0" height="171" name="graphics7" width="801"]]

(% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.63in; text-indent: -0.24in; margin-bottom: 0.06in; font-weight: normal; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
[[image:output_html_b4e8fa7.gif||border="0" height="578" name="graphics8" width="394"]]

(% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.63in; text-indent: -0.24in; margin-bottom: 0.06in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
(% style="color:#0000ff;" %)**User-Centered **(%%)**Design — More than “Ease-of-Use”**

* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**human-computer interaction is more than user interfaces**

(% class="western" style="margin-left: 0.49in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 0.25in" %)
(% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)//Applying the Macintosh style to poorly designed applications and machines is like trying to put Béarnaise sauce on a hot-dog! (A. Kay)//


* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**make systems useful and usable**

(% class="western" style="margin-left: 0.49in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 0.25in" %)
(% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)//If ease of use was the only valid criterion, people would 
stick to tricycles and never try bicycles. (D. Engelbart)//


* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**support human problem-domain interaction**

(% class="western" style="margin-left: 0.49in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 0.25in" %)
(% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)//Interfaces get into the way. I don't want to focus my energies on an interface. I want to focus on the job. (D. Norman)//

(% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.63in; text-indent: -0.24in; margin-bottom: 0.06in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
(% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)**Usable and / versus Useful **(% style="font-family:Wingdings;" %)**?**(%%)** (% style="color:#0000ff;" %)Usable(%%) as Main Objective**

* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)novices

* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)limited functionality

* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)low threshold to get started

* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)walk-up and use

* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)experts exist

* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)understandable model of the complete system can be developed

* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)examples: water faucets, ATMs, VCRs,

(% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.63in; text-indent: -0.24in; margin-bottom: 0.06in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
(% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)**Usable and / versus Useful **(% style="font-family:Wingdings;" %)**?**(%%)** (% style="color:#800080;" %)Useful(%%) as Main Objective**

* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)skilled users

* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)broad functionality

* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)high ceiling for skilled users

* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)no “experts” ((% style="font-family:Wingdings;" %)?(%%) learning on demand is a necessity rather than a luxury)

* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)no complete models

* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)end-user modifiability, programmability

* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)examples: Unix, MS-Word, Excel, Mathematica, Photoshop

(% align="CENTER" style="text-indent: -0.01in; margin-bottom: 0.06in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
(% style="color:#0000ff;" %)**Learner-Centered**(%%)** Design**

* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)it has been years since most designers were children

* (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)many myths of what children want have developed in the design world
* (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)children should be part of the design process in order dispel the myths



* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)learner-centered design requires redefining the modeling task, focusing on providing support to learners while they engage in activities that are normally beyond their abilities

* (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)scaffolding
* (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)tools for living versus tools for learning
* (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)focus on developing a learner's understanding, rather than on improving usability issues

(% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.08in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
(% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)**Tools for Living and Tools for Learning**


* (% style="font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif;" %)**tools for living (doing tasks with tools):**

* (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)grounded in a distributed intelligence perspective
* (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)intelligence is mediated by tools for achieving activities that would be error prone, challenging, or impossible to achieve (e.g., microscope, telescope, ...)


* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**tools for learning (scaffolding with fading):**

* (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)//objective//: autonomous performance by people without tools
* (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)//examples//: training wheels, wizards, external scripts, templates, prompting systems


* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**the fundamental question:** what does it mean to (% style="color:#0000ff;" %)**“learn”**(%%)** in the 21st century** in which powerful tools are available for many intellectual activities?

(% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.08in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
(% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)**Tools for Living**

(% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-bottom: 0.06in; line-height: 0.25in" %)
[[image:output_html_m6d56c367.gif||border="0" height="351" name="graphics9" width="558"]]

(% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.08in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
(% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)**Tools for Learning**

(% align="CENTER" class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 0.25in" %)
[[image:output_html_699489ec.gif||border="0" height="494" name="graphics10" width="412"]]

(% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.08in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
(% style="color:#0000ff;" %)**Participatory**(%%)** Design**

* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)attempts to actively involve the end users in the design process to help ensure that the product designed is **useful** and **usable**


* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)used in **software design, urban design, architecture, landscape architecture, and planning** as a way of creating environments that are more responsive and appropriate to their inhabitants and users cultural, emotional, spiritual and practical needs


* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)a series of bi-annual conferences

* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)[[(% style="font-style: normal" %)http:~~/~~/pdc08.informatics.indiana.edu/>>http://pdc08.informatics.indiana.edu/||class="western"]]

(% class="western" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 0.25in" %)
[[image:output_html_m78de2677.gif||border="0" height="110" name="graphics11" width="765"]]

(% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.63in; text-indent: -0.24in; margin-bottom: 0.06in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
[[image:output_html_m5f39fe93.gif||border="0" height="601" name="graphics12" width="368"]]

(% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.63in; text-indent: -0.24in; margin-bottom: 0.06in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
(% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)**Participatory Design**





(% align="CENTER" style="text-indent: -0.01in; margin-bottom: 0.06in; font-weight: normal; line-height: 0.25in" %)
[[image:output_html_mdc8e7af.gif||border="0" height="171" name="graphics13" width="784"]]

(% align="CENTER" style="text-indent: -0.01in; margin-bottom: 0.06in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
(% style="color:#0000ff;" %)**Collaborative**(%%)** Design**


* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**why?**

* (% style="font-style: normal" %)design problems are (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)//**systemic problems**//(% style="font-style: normal" %); they seldom fall within the boundaries of one specific domain ? they require the participation and contributions of several stakeholders with various backgrounds



* (% style="font-size:1.4em;" %)**concepts:**

* (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)symmetry of ignorance
* (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)conceptual collision
* (% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)epistemological pluralism to avoid group-think

(% align="CENTER" style="text-indent: -0.01in; margin-bottom: 0.06in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
(% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)**Basic Patterns of Collaborative Design**

(% class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 0.25in" %)
[[image:output_html_m6e5bb4e8.gif||border="0" height="458" name="graphics14" width="764"]]

(% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.08in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
(% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)**Dimensions of Collaboration: 
Spatial, Temporal, Conceptual, Technological**

(% align="LEFT" border="1" bordercolor="#000080" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" dir="LTR" width="772" %)
|(% bgcolor="#000080" height="6" valign="TOP" width="95" %)(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)Dimension|(% bgcolor="#000080" valign="TOP" width="179" %)(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)Rationale|(% bgcolor="#000080" width="142" %)(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)Addressed by|(% bgcolor="#000080" colspan="2" width="174" %)(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)Media / Technologies|(% bgcolor="#000080" width="120" %)(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)Challenges
(% valign="TOP" %)|(% height="7" width="95" %)(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)**spatial**|(% width="179" %)(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)participants are unable to meet face-to-face; low local density of people sharing interests|(% width="142" %)(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)computer-mediated communication|(% width="153" %)(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)e-mail, chat rooms, video conferences, local knowledge in global societies|(% colspan="2" width="142" %)(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)achieve common ground; involve large communities //(“the talent pool of the whole world")//;
(% valign="TOP" %)|(% height="6" width="95" %)(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)**temporal**|(% width="179" %)(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)design and use time: who is the beneficiary and who has to do the work?|(% width="142" %)(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)long-term, indirect communication; meta-design|(% width="153" %)(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)group memories, organizational memories|(% colspan="2" width="142" %)(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)build on the work of the giants before us; design rationale, reflexive CSCW


(% align="CENTER" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.08in; margin-bottom: 0.17in; line-height: 0.25in; page-break-before: always" %)
(% style="font-size:1.6em;font-size: 23pt" %)**Dimensions of Collaboration: Continued**

(% align="LEFT" border="1" bordercolor="#000080" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" dir="LTR" width="783" %)
|(% bgcolor="#000080" height="6" valign="TOP" width="142" %)(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)Dimension|(% bgcolor="#000080" valign="TOP" width="131" %)(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)Rationale|(% bgcolor="#000080" width="152" %)(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)Addressed by|(% bgcolor="#000080" colspan="2" width="164" %)(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)Media / Technologies|(% bgcolor="#000080" width="131" %)(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)Challenges
(% valign="TOP" %)|(% height="7" width="142" %)(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)**conceptual __within__ domains**|(% width="131" %)(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)shared understanding|(% width="152" %)(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)communities of practice (CoPs), legitimate peripheral participation (LPP)|(% width="143" %)(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)domain-oriented design environments (DODEs)|(% colspan="2" width="153" %)(% class="xwiki-document" %)
(((
(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)innovation; 
avoid 
group-think
)))
(% valign="TOP" %)|(% height="7" width="142" %)(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)**conceptual __between__ domains**|(% width="131" %)(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)make all voices heard|(% width="152" %)(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)communities of interest (CoIs); boundary objects|(% width="143" %)(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)Envisionment and Discovery Collaboratory|(% colspan="2" width="153" %)(% class="xwiki-document" %)
(((
(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)common ground; 
different ontologies; integration of diversity
)))
(% valign="TOP" %)|(% height="6" width="142" %)(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)**technological**|(% width="131" %)(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)things are available; complement human abilities|(% width="152" %)(% class="xwiki-document" %)
(((
(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)distributed cognition, socio-technical environments; 
meta-design
)))|(% width="143" %)(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)agents, critics, simulations|(% colspan="2" width="153" %)(% style="font-size:1.2em;font-size: 16pt" %)formalization; human-problem-domain interaction; digital fluency


(% type="FOOTER" %)
(((
(% style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-top: 0.15in; margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: 0.25in" %)
(% style="font-size:0.8em;" %)Fischer & Eden & Dick 29 HCC Course, Fall 2010
)))
Course Pages

Recently Visited

Lecture 6 | Object Sheet | Lecture 9
Recently Modified

MSC Final Project ...
MakeShiftCrew Proj...
Embedding Content
Human-Centered Com...
Assignment12KyleMa...
See More Changes
Recently Created

WebPreferences | RatingStats | palen | ksiek | kena
Wiki source code of Lecture 8

Course Pages

Recently Visited

Recently Modified

Recent Comments

Recently Created
