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 1: 
 2: Dara Cunningham
 3: CSCI7000
 4: Assignment 1
 5: September 3, 2008
 6: 
 7: *Human Computer Interaction*
 8: 
 9: The study of Human Computer Interaction (HCI) combines the social sciences and computer/technological sciences, with the aim of improving the user experience by improving the usability of computer systems and applications. HCI research focuses on understanding how humans interact with computers and supporting developers in utilizing user-centered design processes.
10: 
11: Annual Review of Psychology, 199, 48:61-83, Human-Computer Interaction: Psychology as a Science of Design, John M. Carroll
12: http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev.psych.48.1.61?cookieSet=1
13: 
14: *Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW)*
15: 
16: Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) is a term that describes the way people work in groups and the technologies used to support people working in groups (including Groupware and Workgroup Computing).
17: 
18: While researching this term, I came across an article that is of particular interest to my research. The article Physical and Digital Artifact-Mediated Coordination in Building Design in the journal Computer Supported Cooperative Work: The Journal of Collaborative Computing details "an ethnographic field study examining how a building design team used representational artifacts to coordinate the design of building systems, structure, and architecture" (Melanie Tory et al 311). The building project was selected because it utilized both traditional 2D drawing practices and 3D design simulations. It was also a green building project, which tends to require more group collaboration. Since my research is about using pervasive computing to incorporate user centered design methodologies into the design of the built environment, particularly as it applies to making more environmentally friendly buildings, this article is timely and relevant to me. 
19: 
20: After observing the design coordination process of a building project team over seven months, the article's authors found "that bottlenecks in the design coordination process occurred when meeting participants attempted to navigate digital information, interact with wall displays, and access information individually and as a group" (Melanie Tory et al 346). The design process was most fruitful when meeting participants sketched and viewed 2D paper drawings, with the majority of the communication being verbal and gestural. 3D simulations, digital information, and wall displays tended to take more time and interrupt the traditional workflow. 
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22: With the results of this study, the article's authors "outline possible directions for future CSCW technologies that consider these constraints, including new mechanisms to simplify and enhance navigation (e.g., digital bookmarking), to enrich pointing techniques (e.g., differential marking) and pen functionality (e.g., include pressure or tilt sensors), and to support multi-user interactions (e.g., peripheral wall displays connected to a central display and individual displays)" (Melanie Tory et al, 346). These group work technologies emphasize mimicking the traditional design environment and eliminating the time constraints inherent with the current digital technologies used by building design groups.
23: 
24: Computer Supported Cooperative Work: The Journal of Collaborative Computing, Physical and Digital Artifact-Mediated Coordination in Building Design, Aug2008, Vol. 17 Issue 4, p311-351, 41p, Melanie Tory, Sheryl Staub-French, Barry A. Po & Fuqu Wu
25: http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=3&hid=12&sid=3a953c5e-35ff-4bef-b79a1a9b9f32f95c%40sessionmgr9&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=aph&AN=34003802
26: 
27: *Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL)*
28: 
29: Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) is the study of how people can learn together in a collaborative environment and with the support of computers.
30: 
31: CSCL: An Historical Perspective, Gerry Stahl, Timothy Koschmann and Daniel Suthers based on a chapter in: R. K. Sawyer (Ed.). (2006). Cambridge Handbook of the Learning Sciences. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
32: http://www.cis.drexel.edu/faculty/gerry/cscl/CSCL_English.pdf
33: 
34: *Design of Interactive Systems*
35: 
36: The design of interactive systems relies on the study of the way people interact with computers. An understanding of the way people interact with computers can be used to derive requirements, which can be used to steer the design of the interactive system.
37: 
38: International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, Using Interaction Framework to guide the design of interactive systems, Volume 43, Issue 1  (July 1995), Pages: 101 - 130, Ann E. Blandford, Philip J. Barnard, and Michael D. Harrison, Academic Press, Inc.  Duluth, MN, USA.
39: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WGR-45NJJGJ-13&_user=918210&_coverDate=07%2F31%2F1995&_rdoc=5&_fmt=high&_orig=browse&_srch=docinfo(%23toc%236829%231995%23999569998%23308538%23FLT%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=6829&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=6&_acct=C000047944&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=918210&md5=5e404e5cfb28c961fcc4ce6d3ef8defb
40: 
41: *Participatory Design*
42: 
43: Participatory design is the practice of including users and other stakeholders in the design process. In the computer science fields, participatory design generally refers to the practice of incorporating users into the design of computers systems (user centered design).
44: 
45: Communications of the ACM, Participatory design, Volume 36, Issue 6 (June 1993), Special issue on graphical user interfaces: the next generation, Pages: 24 - 28, Michael J. Muller and Sarah Kuhn, ACM, New York, NY, USA.
46: http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/260000/255960/p24muller.pdf?key1=255960&key2=2354240221&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=1478755&CFTOKEN=27166141
47: 
48: *User Modeling*
49: 
50: User modeling is the process of modeling the ways users interact with a system. User models are computational models that attempt to map an interactive model so the system can respond to users in a natural and intuitive manner.
51: 
52: User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction , User Modeling in Human-Computer Interaction, Volume 11, Numbers 1-2 / March, 2001, Pages 65-86, Gerhard Fischer, Springer, Netherlands.
53: http://www.springerlink.com/content/nh815436273r4012/fulltext.pdf
54: 
55: *Pervasive Computing*
56: 
57: Pervasive computing refers to a computer saturated environment that incorporates the principles of: smart spaces (computerized built environments); invisibility (the complete disappearance of computing technology from the user's consciousness); localized scalability (the ability to take the system with you); and masking uneven conditioning (the ability of a personal computing system to shield the user from "dumb" environments).
58: 
59: Personal Communications, IEEE , Pervasive computing: vision and challenges, Volume: 8,  Issue: 4 (Aug 2001), Page(s): 10-17, Satyanarayanan, M., Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA. 
60: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/98/20430/00943998.pdf?tp=&isnumber=&arnumber=943998